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the achievements of science

Толкование Перевод

1 the achievements of science

Общая лексика: достижения науки

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > the achievements of science
2 proposed design embodies the latest achievements in science and technology

Макаров: предлагаемый проект воплощает последние достижения науки и техники

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > proposed design embodies the latest achievements in science and technology
3 завоевание

1. conquest

2. прен. achievement, acquisition, gain

завоеванията на науката the achievements of science

завоеванията на революцията the achievements/gains of the revolution

* * *

завоева̀ние,

ср., -я 1. conquest;

2. прен. achievement, acquisition, gain.

* * *

accomplishment: the завоевание of science - завоеванията на науката; acquisition

* * *
1. conquest 2. завоеванията на науката the achievements of science 3. завоеванията на революцията the achievements/gains of the revolution 4. прен. achievement, acquisition, gain

Български-английски речник > завоевание
4 achievement

[əʹtʃi:vmənt] n
1. 1) достижение, успех, победа

considerable achievements - значительные успехи /достижения/

achievement sheet - ведомость оценок; сведения об успеваемости

achievement test - тест, определяющий качество работы учащегося и преподавателя ( в цифрах)

the achievements of science - достижения науки

to be proud of one's achievements - гордиться достигнутым

sense of achievement - удовлетворение сделанным /достигнутым/, сознание своего успеха

2) подвиг

heroic achievements - героические дела

2. выполнение

impossible of achievement - невыполнимый

НБАРС > achievement
5 внедрение

ср.
1) introduction;
inculcation;
implantation внедрение достижений науки в производство ≈ application of the achievements of science to production
2) геол. intrusion

с.
1. inculcation, adoption;
~ передового опыта introduction of advanced know-how;
~ новой техники inculcation of new techniques;
~ в производство достижений науки adoption of scientific achievements in industry;

2. геол. intrusion.

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > внедрение
6 достижения науки

1) General subject: accomplishments of scientists, the achievements of science, scientific discoveries

2) Economy: scientific achievements

Универсальный русско-английский словарь > достижения науки
7 conquista sf

[kon'kwista]
(anche) fig conquest

partire alla conquista di qc — to set out to conquer sth

le conquiste della scienza — the achievements of science

Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > conquista sf
8 внедрение

ср.

1) introduction; inculcation; implantation

внедрение достижений науки в производство — application of the achievements of science to production

2) геол. intrusion

Русско-английский словарь по общей лексике > внедрение
9 популяризировать

to popularize; to plug разг.

популяризировать достижения науки — to popularize the achievements of science

Russian-english dctionary of diplomacy > популяризировать
10 conquista

sf [kon'kwista]
(anche) fig conquest

partire alla conquista di qc — to set out to conquer sth

le conquiste della scienza — the achievements of science

Nuovo dizionario Italiano-Inglese > conquista
11 achievement

n

достижение, завоевание, успех, победа

to display the achievements of the national economy — демонстрировать достижения национальной экономики

to hail smb's achievement — приветствовать чей-л. успех

to introduce achievements of science and technology — внедрять достижения науки и техники

to make conspicuous achievements — добиваться выдающихся успехов

to notch up a whole series of achievements — добиваться целого ряда достижений

to pay tribute to smb's achievements — воздавать должное чьим-л. достижениям

to popularize the achievements — популяризировать (чьи-л.) достижения

to sum up the achievements — суммировать достижения, обобщать достижения

to undercut achievements — умалять значение достижений

to undersell one's political achievements — принижать свои успехи в области политики

to win great achievements — добиваться больших успехов

- achievement in smth
- achievement of mutually acceptable and effective agreements
- brilliant achievement
- considerable achievement
- conspicuous achievement
- crowning achievement
- cultural achievements
- dazzling achievement
- economic achievements
- environmental achievements
- epic achievement
- fruits of achievements
- glorious achievement
- great achievement
- heroic achievements
- high achievements
- labor achievements
- lasting achievement
- latest achievements in science and technology
- magnificent achievement
- major achievement
- memorable achievement
- modest record of achievements
- monumental achievement
- notable achievement
- outstanding achievements
- phenomenal achievement
- practical achievement
- remarkable achievement
- scientific achievements
- signal achievement
- spectacular achievement
- sports achievements
- stunning achievement
- superb achievement
- tangible achievements

Politics english-russian dictionary > achievement
12 достижение достижени·е

1) (действие) achievement, attainment

достижение национальной независимости — attainment of national independence

достижение военного превосходства — attainment of military supremacy / superiority, достижение справедливого и прочного мира achievement of a just and lasting peace

достижение суверенитета — attainment of sovereignty

достижение экономической независимости — attainment of economic independence

достижение успеха в переговорах — breakthrough in the talks

2) мн. (успехи) achievements, gains, progress

порочить / чернить достижения — to denigrate achievements

внешнеполитические достижения — foreign policy accomplishments

значительные достижения — considerable achievements

крупные достижения — great / massive achievements

достижения науки и техники — achievements / advances of science and engineering / technology

поставить достижения науки и техники на службу человеку — to put achievements of science and technology at the service of man

Russian-english dctionary of diplomacy > достижение достижени·е
13 Psychology

   1) The Knowledge of Ourselves

   We come therefore now to that knowledge whereunto the ancient oracle directeth us, which is the knowledge of ourselves; which deserveth the more accurate handling, by how much it toucheth us more nearly. This knowledge, as it is the end and term of natural philosophy in the intention of man, so notwithstanding it is but a portion of natural philosophy in the continent of nature.... [W]e proceed to human philosophy or Humanity, which hath two parts: the one considereth man segregate, or distributively; the other congregate, or in society. So as Human philosophy is either Simple and Particular, or Conjugate and Civil. Humanity Particular consisteth of the same parts whereof man consisteth; that is, of knowledges which respect the Body, and of knowledges that respect the Mind... how the one discloseth the other and how the one worketh upon the other... [:] the one is honored with the inquiry of Aristotle, and the other of Hippocrates. (Bacon, 1878, pp. 236-237)

   2) As a Science, Psychology Is Distinct

   The claims of Psychology to rank as a distinct science are... not smaller but greater than those of any other science. If its phenomena are contemplated objectively, merely as nervo-muscular adjustments by which the higher organisms from moment to moment adapt their actions to environing co-existences and sequences, its degree of specialty, even then, entitles it to a separate place. The moment the element of feeling, or consciousness, is used to interpret nervo-muscular adjustments as thus exhibited in the living beings around, objective Psychology acquires an additional, and quite exceptional, distinction. (Spencer, 1896, p. 141)

   3) Psychology Can Never Be an Exact Natural Science

   Kant once declared that psychology was incapable of ever raising itself to the rank of an exact natural science. The reasons that he gives... have often been repeated in later times. In the first place, Kant says, psychology cannot become an exact science because mathematics is inapplicable to the phenomena of the internal sense; the pure internal perception, in which mental phenomena must be constructed,-time,-has but one dimension. In the second place, however, it cannot even become an experimental science, because in it the manifold of internal observation cannot be arbitrarily varied,-still less, another thinking subject be submitted to one's experiments, comformably to the end in view; moreover, the very fact of observation means alteration of the observed object. (Wundt, 1904, p. 6)

   4) How a " Mathematical" Psychology May Be Realized in Practice

   It is [Gustav] Fechner's service to have found and followed the true way; to have shown us how a "mathematical psychology" may, within certain limits, be realized in practice.... He was the first to show how Herbart's idea of an "exact psychology" might be turned to practical account. (Wundt, 1904, pp. 6-7)

   5) The Rights of Psychology as Science

   "Mind," "intellect," "reason," "understanding," etc. are concepts... that existed before the advent of any scientific psychology. The fact that the naive consciousness always and everywhere points to internal experience as a special source of knowledge, may, therefore, be accepted for the moment as sufficient testimony to the rights of psychology as science.... "Mind," will accordingly be the subject, to which we attribute all the separate facts of internal observation as predicates. The subject itself is determined p. 17) wholly and exclusively by its predicates. (Wundt, 1904,

   6) The Study of Animal Psychology

   The study of animal psychology may be approached from two different points of view. We may set out from the notion of a kind of comparative physiology of mind, a universal history of the development of mental life in the organic world. Or we may make human psychology the principal object of investigation. Then, the expressions of mental life in animals will be taken into account only so far as they throw light upon the evolution of consciousness in man.... Human psychology... may confine itself altogether to man, and generally has done so to far too great an extent. There are plenty of psychological text-books from which you would hardly gather that there was any other conscious life than the human. (Wundt, 1907, pp. 340-341)

   7) The Behaviorist's Formulation

   The Behaviorist began his own formulation of the problem of psychology by sweeping aside all medieval conceptions. He dropped from his scientific vocabulary all subjective terms such as sensation, perception, image, desire, purpose, and even thinking and emotion as they were subjectively defined. (Watson, 1930, pp. 5-6)

   8) Man Is a Microcosm

   According to the medieval classification of the sciences, psychology is merely a chapter of special physics, although the most important chapter; for man is a microcosm; he is the central figure of the universe. (deWulf, 1956, p. 125)

   9) Brief Overview of Psychology's History

   At the beginning of this century the prevailing thesis in psychology was Associationism.... Behavior proceeded by the stream of associations: each association produced its successors, and acquired new attachments with the sensations arriving from the environment.

   In the first decade of the century a reaction developed to this doctrine through the work of the Wurzburg school. Rejecting the notion of a completely self-determining stream of associations, it introduced the task ( Aufgabe) as a necessary factor in describing the process of thinking. The task gave direction to thought. A noteworthy innovation of the Wurzburg school was the use of systematic introspection to shed light on the thinking process and the contents of consciousness. The result was a blend of mechanics and phenomenalism, which gave rise in turn to two divergent antitheses, Behaviorism and the Gestalt movement. The behavioristic reaction insisted that introspection was a highly unstable, subjective procedure.... Behaviorism reformulated the task of psychology as one of explaining the response of organisms as a function of the stimuli impinging upon them and measuring both objectively. However, Behaviorism accepted, and indeed reinforced, the mechanistic assumption that the connections between stimulus and response were formed and maintained as simple, determinate functions of the environment.

   The Gestalt reaction took an opposite turn. It rejected the mechanistic nature of the associationist doctrine but maintained the value of phenomenal observation. In many ways it continued the Wurzburg school's insistence that thinking was more than association-thinking has direction given to it by the task or by the set of the subject. Gestalt psychology elaborated this doctrine in genuinely new ways in terms of holistic principles of organization.

   Today psychology lives in a state of relatively stable tension between the poles of Behaviorism and Gestalt psychology.... (Newell & Simon, 1963, pp. 279-280)

    10) Psychological Research Is Not Building toward Systematic Clarity

   As I examine the fate of our oppositions, looking at those already in existence as guide to how they fare and shape the course of science, it seems to me that clarity is never achieved. Matters simply become muddier and muddier as we go down through time. Thus, far from providing the rungs of a ladder by which psychology gradually climbs to clarity, this form of conceptual structure leads rather to an ever increasing pile of issues, which we weary of or become diverted from, but never really settle. (Newell, 1973b, pp. 288-289)

    11) Psychology as a Scientific Discipline

   The subject matter of psychology is as old as reﬂection. Its broad practical aims are as dated as human societies. Human beings, in any period, have not been indifferent to the validity of their knowledge, unconcerned with the causes of their behavior or that of their prey and predators. Our distant ancestors, no less than we, wrestled with the problems of social organization, child rearing, competition, authority, individual differences, personal safety. Solving these problems required insights-no matter how untutored-into the psychological dimensions of life. Thus, if we are to follow the convention of treating psychology as a young discipline, we must have in mind something other than its subject matter. We must mean that it is young in the sense that physics was young at the time of Archimedes or in the sense that geometry was "founded" by Euclid and "fathered" by Thales. Sailing vessels were launched long before Archimedes discovered the laws of bouyancy [ sic], and pillars of identical circumference were constructed before anyone knew that C IID. We do not consider the ship builders and stone cutters of antiquity physicists and geometers. Nor were the ancient cave dwellers psychologists merely because they rewarded the good conduct of their children. The archives of folk wisdom contain a remarkable collection of achievements, but craft-no matter how perfected-is not science, nor is a litany of successful accidents a discipline. If psychology is young, it is young as a scientific discipline but it is far from clear that psychology has attained this status. (Robinson, 1986, p. 12)

Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Psychology
14 destacar

v.

1 to emphasize, to highlight (poner de relieve).

cabe destacar que… it is important to point out that…

hay que destacar el trabajo de los actores the acting deserves special mention

Ella destaca sus logros She highlights his achievements.

Ella destacó su importancia She emphasized its importance.

2 to station (tropas).

3 to stand out.

destaca entre sus otras novelas por su humor it stands out among her other novels for o because of its humor

Sus logros destacan His achievements stand out.

4 to put on the front, to deploy, to detach, to put at the front line.

Ricardo destacó al alumno Richard put the student on the front.

* * *

destacar

Conjugation model [ SACAR], like link=sacar sacar

► verbo intransitivo

1 (despuntar) to stand out

■ destaca por su sabiduría he stands out because of his wisdom

► verbo transitivo

1 MILITAR to detach

2 (en pintura) to highlight, make stand out

3 figurado (dar énfasis) to point out, emphasize

■ quiero destacar las dificultades I want to point out the difficulties

► verbo pronominal destacarse

1 to stand out

* * *

verb

1) to highlight, emphasize

2) stand out

* * *

1. VT

1) (=hacer resaltar) to emphasize

sirve para destacar su belleza — it serves to show off her beauty

quiero destacar que... — I wish to emphasize that...

2) (Mil) to detach, detail

3) (Inform) to highlight

2.

VI

See:

destacarse

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1) (recalcar, subrayar) to emphasize, stress

2) ( realzar) <belleza/figura> to enhance; <color/plano> to bring out

3)

a) (Mil) < tropas> to post

destacar a alguien para + inf — to detail somebody to + inf

b) <periodista/fotógrafo> to send
2.
destacar vi to stand out

destacar en algo — to excel at o in something

destaca por su inteligencia — her intelligence sets her apart from the rest

el marco hace destacar aún más la belleza del cuadro — the frame further enhances the beauty of the picture

destacó como autor teatral — he was an outstanding playwright

nunca destacó como estudiante — he never excelled as a student

* * *

= bring into + focus, emphasise [emphasize, -USA], give + prominence, give + emphasis, highlight, make + Posesivo + mark, single out, illuminate, heighten, stand out in + the text, play up, stand out, foreground, lay + emphasis on, be to the fore, bring to + the fore, come to + the fore, give + highlights, excel, spotlight, bring to + the forefront, place + great store on, create + a high profile for, give + a high profile, have + high profile, bring + attention to, stand + apart, shine, deploy, flag + Nombre + up, stand + proud.

Ex. The current technological scene is reviewed to bring fee-related issues into sharper focus.

Ex. Analytical cataloguing aims to emphasise the content of documents, rather than relying entirely upon cataloguing whole works.

Ex. Provision should be on the basis of quality and originality, with classic works of the genre given prominence.

Ex. Some are poorly written giving either too much or too little data, and giving undue emphasis to the author's priorities.

Ex. In each case the object of the discussion will be to highlight what appear to be the significant aspects, particularly those concerning the background which affect the nature of the scheme.

Ex. Prior to that date he had already begun to make his mark.

Ex. Conference proceedings are singled out for special attention because they are an important category of material in relation to abstracting and indexing publications.

Ex. This appraisal attempts to illuminate aspects of Irish library history omitted from international reference works.

Ex. Automated support services have heightened the sense of interdependency between libraries and vendors.

Ex. Both Dialog and Chemical Abstracts Service stand out in the text.

Ex. A long-standing but unfortunate tradition plays up antagonism between those librarians who become catalogers and those who opt for reference or public service.

Ex. Three national library catalogues stand out as highly important sources of general bibliography.

Ex. His survey of how such poetry has been edited in recent years, however, shows that a single edition is still foregrounded while other editions are only obliquely indicated via footnotes.

Ex. Her article lays emphasis on some of the concerns that are important to the continued development of effective information policies.

Ex. Those countries which were already to the fore in science and technology certainly faced problems in the handling of information.

Ex. Installation of new computer terminals may bring the problem to the fore.

Ex. As this table shows, the age profile for all borrowers is very close to that of all adults in the country but when one looks at the more frequent users, the regular borrowers, the older people come more to the fore.

Ex. This article gives highlights of a trade show on the applications of optical information systems in publishing organised by Learned Information and held in New York City, 15-17 Oct 86.

Ex. Expert systems represent an attempt to harness, as an intellectual tool, those features of the computer where it excels in the handling of data.

Ex. This article spotlights the role that authority files play in promoting uniformity of cataloguing practice.

Ex. This theft of valuable letters and documents brings to the forefront, once again, the question of collection security in the nation's archives.

Ex. The IFLA letter places great store on the number of FID members who are also IFLA members.

Ex. This article pesents an interview with George Cunningham who sees his role as creating a high profile for the library profession and fostering a love of books.

Ex. The course gives information technology a very high profile.

Ex. Before the launch of Penguin Books India in 1987, trade publishing in English in India did not have the high profile in bookstores it has today..

Ex. In crisp, economical prose, the journal calmly brought attention to the nooks and crannies, and absurdities of university life, concerning itself with both the idiosyncratic and the profound.

Ex. There are many books published in the world and of many kinds, but one category stands apart: books that come under the heading of literature.

Ex. A light box would be provided for this purpose so that the cards could be accurately stacked on top of each other to allow the light from the light box to shine through any holes that the three cards had in common.

Ex. Any attack on Iran will require that military forces quickly deploy to Dubai to forestall the closing of the strait.

Ex. If you spot an error then flag it up to your bank promptly and insist they take action to rectify it.

Ex. Even now, hundreds of years after his death, his timepieces stand proud in historic buildings around the world.

----

* destacar con mucho sobre = stand out + head and shoulders (above/over), be head and shoulder (above/over).

* destacar en = pull off on.

* destacar la importancia = underscore + importance.

* destacar la importancia de = stress + the importance of, emphasise + the importance of, highlight + the importance of.

* destacar por encima de los demás = stand out from + the rest, stand out above + the rest, stand out in + the crowd.

* destacar sobre los demás = stand out above + the rest, stand out from + the rest, stand out in + the crowd.

* es de destacar que = significantly.

* es importante destacar = importantly.

* hay que destacar = importantly.

* sin acontecimientos que destacar = uneventful.

* sin nada que destacar = uneventful.

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1) (recalcar, subrayar) to emphasize, stress

2) ( realzar) <belleza/figura> to enhance; <color/plano> to bring out

3)

a) (Mil) < tropas> to post

destacar a alguien para + inf — to detail somebody to + inf

b) <periodista/fotógrafo> to send
2.
destacar vi to stand out

destacar en algo — to excel at o in something

destaca por su inteligencia — her intelligence sets her apart from the rest

el marco hace destacar aún más la belleza del cuadro — the frame further enhances the beauty of the picture

destacó como autor teatral — he was an outstanding playwright

nunca destacó como estudiante — he never excelled as a student

* * *

= bring into + focus, emphasise [emphasize, -USA], give + prominence, give + emphasis, highlight, make + Posesivo + mark, single out, illuminate, heighten, stand out in + the text, play up, stand out, foreground, lay + emphasis on, be to the fore, bring to + the fore, come to + the fore, give + highlights, excel, spotlight, bring to + the forefront, place + great store on, create + a high profile for, give + a high profile, have + high profile, bring + attention to, stand + apart, shine, deploy, flag + Nombre + up, stand + proud.

Ex: The current technological scene is reviewed to bring fee-related issues into sharper focus.

Ex: Analytical cataloguing aims to emphasise the content of documents, rather than relying entirely upon cataloguing whole works.

Ex: Provision should be on the basis of quality and originality, with classic works of the genre given prominence.

Ex: Some are poorly written giving either too much or too little data, and giving undue emphasis to the author's priorities.

Ex: In each case the object of the discussion will be to highlight what appear to be the significant aspects, particularly those concerning the background which affect the nature of the scheme.

Ex: Prior to that date he had already begun to make his mark.

Ex: Conference proceedings are singled out for special attention because they are an important category of material in relation to abstracting and indexing publications.

Ex: This appraisal attempts to illuminate aspects of Irish library history omitted from international reference works.

Ex: Automated support services have heightened the sense of interdependency between libraries and vendors.

Ex: Both Dialog and Chemical Abstracts Service stand out in the text.

Ex: A long-standing but unfortunate tradition plays up antagonism between those librarians who become catalogers and those who opt for reference or public service.

Ex: Three national library catalogues stand out as highly important sources of general bibliography.

Ex: His survey of how such poetry has been edited in recent years, however, shows that a single edition is still foregrounded while other editions are only obliquely indicated via footnotes.

Ex: Her article lays emphasis on some of the concerns that are important to the continued development of effective information policies.

Ex: Those countries which were already to the fore in science and technology certainly faced problems in the handling of information.

Ex: Installation of new computer terminals may bring the problem to the fore.

Ex: As this table shows, the age profile for all borrowers is very close to that of all adults in the country but when one looks at the more frequent users, the regular borrowers, the older people come more to the fore.

Ex: This article gives highlights of a trade show on the applications of optical information systems in publishing organised by Learned Information and held in New York City, 15-17 Oct 86.

Ex: Expert systems represent an attempt to harness, as an intellectual tool, those features of the computer where it excels in the handling of data.

Ex: This article spotlights the role that authority files play in promoting uniformity of cataloguing practice.

Ex: This theft of valuable letters and documents brings to the forefront, once again, the question of collection security in the nation's archives.

Ex: The IFLA letter places great store on the number of FID members who are also IFLA members.

Ex: This article pesents an interview with George Cunningham who sees his role as creating a high profile for the library profession and fostering a love of books.

Ex: The course gives information technology a very high profile.

Ex: Before the launch of Penguin Books India in 1987, trade publishing in English in India did not have the high profile in bookstores it has today..

Ex: In crisp, economical prose, the journal calmly brought attention to the nooks and crannies, and absurdities of university life, concerning itself with both the idiosyncratic and the profound.

Ex: There are many books published in the world and of many kinds, but one category stands apart: books that come under the heading of literature.

Ex: A light box would be provided for this purpose so that the cards could be accurately stacked on top of each other to allow the light from the light box to shine through any holes that the three cards had in common.

Ex: Any attack on Iran will require that military forces quickly deploy to Dubai to forestall the closing of the strait.

Ex: If you spot an error then flag it up to your bank promptly and insist they take action to rectify it.

Ex: Even now, hundreds of years after his death, his timepieces stand proud in historic buildings around the world.

* destacar con mucho sobre = stand out + head and shoulders (above/over), be head and shoulder (above/over).

* destacar en = pull off on.

* destacar la importancia = underscore + importance.

* destacar la importancia de = stress + the importance of, emphasise + the importance of, highlight + the importance of.

* destacar por encima de los demás = stand out from + the rest, stand out above + the rest, stand out in + the crowd.

* destacar sobre los demás = stand out above + the rest, stand out from + the rest, stand out in + the crowd.

* es de destacar que = significantly.

* es importante destacar = importantly.

* hay que destacar = importantly.

* sin acontecimientos que destacar = uneventful.

* sin nada que destacar = uneventful.

* * *

destacar [A2 ]

vt

A (recalcar, subrayar) to emphasize, stress

destacó la gravedad de la situación he underlined o stressed o emphasized the gravity of the situation

B ( Art) to highlight, bring out

C

1 (enviar) ‹tropas› to post

fueron destacados para defender el puente they were detailed to defend the bridge

2 ‹periodista/fotógrafo› to send

■ destacar

vi

to stand out

el trabajo destaca por su originalidad the work is remarkable for o stands out because of its originality

el marco hace destacar aún más la belleza del cuadro the frame further enhances the beauty of the picture

destacó como autor teatral he was an outstanding playwright

a lo lejos destacaba el campanario de la iglesia the church tower stood out in the distance

nunca destacó como estudiante he never excelled o shone as a student

destaca entre los de su edad por su estatura he stands out from others of his age because of his height

■ destacarse

v pron

destacar vi

* * *

destacar ( conjugate destacar) verbo transitivo
1 (recalcar, subrayar) to emphasize, stress
2 ( realzar) ‹belleza/figura› to enhance;
‹color/plano› to bring out
3
a) (Mil) ‹ tropas› to post

b) ‹periodista/fotógrafo› to send

verbo intransitivo
to stand out;
destacar en algo to excel at o in sth
destacar vtr fig to emphasize, stress
destacar(se) verbo intransitivo & verbo reflexivo to stand out
' destacar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
brillar
- despuntar
- destacarse
- perfilarse
- realzar
- resaltar
- sobresalir
- subrayar
English:
angular
- detail
- highlight
- shine
- stand out
- crowd
- excel
- heighten
- stand
- tower

* * *

destacar

♦ vt

1. [poner de relieve] to emphasize, to highlight;

debo destacar lo importante que es la operación I must stress o emphasize how important the operation is;

cabe destacar que… it is important to point out that…;

hay que destacar el trabajo de los actores the acting deserves special mention

2. [tropas] to station;
[corresponsales] to assign, to send
♦ vi
[sobresalir] to stand out;
tiene afán por destacar she is keen to excel;

destacó como concertista de piano he was an outstanding concert pianist;

hay una alumna que destaca de los demás/entre todos there is one student who stands out from the others/from all the others;

destaca en sus estudios she is an outstanding student;

destaca entre sus otras novelas por su humor it stands out from her other novels for o because of its humour;

destaca mucho por su imponente físico he really stands out because of his impressive physique;

un pueblo que no destaca por nada en particular a town that is not remarkable for anything in particular, a rather unremarkable town

♦ See also the pronominal verb destacarse

* * *

destacar

I v/i stand out

II v/t emphasize

* * *

destacar {72} vt

1) enfatizar, subrayar: to emphasize, to highlight, to stress

2) : to station, to post

destacar vi

: to stand out

* * *

destacar vb

1. (resaltar) to point out / to emphasize

el crítico destacó la originalidad de la obra the critic emphasized the originality of the play

2. (sobresalir) to stand out [pt. & pp. stood]

el jazmín destacaba entre las plantas del jardín por su olor the jazmin stood out among the plants in the garden because of its scent

Spanish-English dictionary > destacar
15 impresionar

v.

1 to impress.

El anuncio impacta a los jóvenes The ad has impact on young people.

2 to expose (photography).

3 to make an impression.

4 to put oneself over.

* * *

impresionar

► verbo transitivo

1 (causar admiración) to impress

■ nos impresionó su facilidad de palabra we were impressed by her articulateness

■ me impresionó mucho el libro cuando lo leí por primera vez the first time I read the book it made a great impression on me

■ sus hazañas bélicas no me impresionan ni lo más mínimo his war exploits don't impress me in the slightest

2 (afectar) to affect; (inquietar) to disturb

■ su muerte me impresionó mucho I was greatly affected by his death

■ la escena de la ejecución nos dejó impresionados we found the execution scene very disturbing

3 (película) to expose

* * *

verb

to impress

* * *

1. VT

1) (Téc) [+ disco] to cut; [+ foto] to expose

película sin impresionar — unexposed film

2) [+ persona] (=causar impresión a) to impress, strike; (=conmover) to move, affect; (=horrorizar) to shock

no se deja impresionar fácilmente — he is not easily impressed

la noticia de su muerte me impresionó mucho — the news of his death had a profound effect on me

2.

VI (=causar impresión) to make an impression

lo hace sólo para impresionar — he does it just to impress

3.

See:

impresionarse

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1)

a) ( causar buena impresión)

París me impresionó — I was really taken with Paris

me impresionó muy bien — (RPl) he made a very good impression (on me)

b) ( conmover) to move

verlo llorar me impresionó mucho — seeing him cry really moved me o made a deep impression on me

c) ( alarmar) to shock

me impresionó verla tan delgada — it shocked me to see her looking so thin

d) ( sorprender) to strike

lo que más me impresionó fue... — what struck me most was...

2) (Fot) < película> to expose
2.
impresionar vi to impress

te lo dice para impresionar — he's only saying it to impress you
3.
impresionarse v pron to be shocked (o moved etc)

* * *

= move, strike + Pronombre Personal, dazzle, shock, bedazzle, wow, impress, touch + Posesivo + life, make + a splash.

Ex. Twenty years ago, I was moved by Lubetzky's document, as I was a library school student, and today I am just slightly disappointed because he has added confusion for me rather than clarity to the situation.

Ex. 'You commented earlier,' she said ingenuously, aloud, 'that Kass didn't strike you as the union type'.

Ex. The image of the reference librarian, as portrayed by Katherine Hepburn in the film, 'Desk Set,' suggests the superb flair and intellectual acumen with which reference librarians would like to dazzle their patrons.

Ex. The gush of water could serve many purposes and was prescribed to soothe, to refrigerate, to stop a swelling, to widen pores, to shock the patient.

Ex. Why were others, especially in the west, so bedazzled by the achievements of the ancient Greeks, that they decided to adopt numerous of their beliefs and values?.

Ex. He makes science easy to understand and ' wows' the reader with terrific examples of how modern genetic research is lifting the curtain on human history.

Ex. When children are aware that records are kept there are always some who will want to impress or please.

Ex. Despite his faults, he still manages to change and touch many people's lives through his infectious laughter.

Ex. Israeli wine may be young, but it's making a splash worldwide.

----

* para impresionar = for effect.

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1)

a) ( causar buena impresión)

París me impresionó — I was really taken with Paris

me impresionó muy bien — (RPl) he made a very good impression (on me)

b) ( conmover) to move

verlo llorar me impresionó mucho — seeing him cry really moved me o made a deep impression on me

c) ( alarmar) to shock

me impresionó verla tan delgada — it shocked me to see her looking so thin

d) ( sorprender) to strike

lo que más me impresionó fue... — what struck me most was...

2) (Fot) < película> to expose
2.
impresionar vi to impress

te lo dice para impresionar — he's only saying it to impress you
3.
impresionarse v pron to be shocked (o moved etc)

* * *

= move, strike + Pronombre Personal, dazzle, shock, bedazzle, wow, impress, touch + Posesivo + life, make + a splash.

Ex: Twenty years ago, I was moved by Lubetzky's document, as I was a library school student, and today I am just slightly disappointed because he has added confusion for me rather than clarity to the situation.

Ex: 'You commented earlier,' she said ingenuously, aloud, 'that Kass didn't strike you as the union type'.

Ex: The image of the reference librarian, as portrayed by Katherine Hepburn in the film, 'Desk Set,' suggests the superb flair and intellectual acumen with which reference librarians would like to dazzle their patrons.

Ex: The gush of water could serve many purposes and was prescribed to soothe, to refrigerate, to stop a swelling, to widen pores, to shock the patient.

Ex: Why were others, especially in the west, so bedazzled by the achievements of the ancient Greeks, that they decided to adopt numerous of their beliefs and values?.

Ex: He makes science easy to understand and ' wows' the reader with terrific examples of how modern genetic research is lifting the curtain on human history.

Ex: When children are aware that records are kept there are always some who will want to impress or please.

Ex: Despite his faults, he still manages to change and touch many people's lives through his infectious laughter.

Ex: Israeli wine may be young, but it's making a splash worldwide.

* para impresionar = for effect.

* * *

impresionar [A1 ]

vt

A ‹persona›

ver a mi padre llorar me impresionó mucho seeing my father cry really affected me o moved me o made a deep impression on me

me impresionó mucho verla tan delgada it really shocked me to see her looking so thin

lo que más me impresionó fue el estado lamentable del edificio what struck me most was the terrible state the building was in

me impresionó muy bien ( RPl); he made a very good impression (on me), he really impressed me

B

1 ( Fot) ‹película› to expose

2 ‹disco› to press

■ impresionar

vi

to impress

te lo dice para impresionar he's only saying it to impress you

■ impresionarse

v pron

to be shocked ( o moved etc)

* * *

impresionar ( conjugate impresionar) verbo transitivo
1
a) ( causar buena impresión):

◊ París me impresionó I was really taken with Paris

b) ( afectar) to affect;

◊ verlo llorar me impresionó mucho seeing him cry really affected o moved me

c) ( alarmar) to shock;

◊ me impresionó verla tan delgada it shocked me to see her looking so thin

d) ( sorprender) to strike

2 (Fot) ‹ película› to expose
verbo intransitivo
to impress
impresionar
I verbo transitivo
1 (causar admiración) to impress
(sobrecoger) to shock
(conmover) me impresionó ver llorar a mi padre, seeing my father cry made a deep impression on me
2 Fot to expose
II verbo intransitivo to impress
' impresionar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
afectar
- calar
- sacudir
- apantallar
- impactar
English:
effect
- flex
- impress
- name-dropper
- shock
- shake

* * *

impresionar

♦ vt

1. [asombrar] to amaze, to astonish

2. [emocionar] to move;
[conmocionar, horrorizar] to shock;
me impresiona mucho ver sangre the sight of blood horrifies me;

le impresionó mucho ver el cadáver seeing the body was a real shock to him

3. [maravillar] to impress

4. Fot to expose

5. RP [causar impresión en]
me impresionó muy bien/mal he made a very good/bad impression on me

♦ vi

1. [asombrar] to be amazing o astonishing

2. [emocionar] to be moving;
[conmocionar, horrorizar] to be shocking
3. [maravillar] to make an impression

4. [fanfarronear]
lo dice sólo para impresionar he's just saying that to show off o impress

♦ See also the pronominal verb impresionarse

* * *

impresionar

v/t

:

impresionarle a alguien impress s.o.; ( conmover) move s.o.; ( alterar) shock s.o.

* * *

impresionar vt

1) : to impress, to strike

2) : to affect, to move

impresionar vi

: to make an impression

♦ See also the reflexive verb impresionarse

* * *

impresionar vb

1. (causar admiración) to impress

me impresionó el paisaje the scenery impressed me

el decorado impresiona the set is impressive

2. (inquietar) to shock

nos impresionó su delgadez we were shocked at how thin he was

las películas de Buñuel impresionaron a mucha gente Buñuel's films shocked a lot of people

Spanish-English dictionary > impresionar
16 resaltar

v.

1 to highlight.

Ella destaca sus logros She highlights his achievements.

2 to stand out.

3 to stick out (en edificios) (balcón).

4 to project out, to stand out, to jut out, to project.

La cornisa sobresale mucho The cornice juts out too much.

5 to flatter.

* * *

resaltar

► verbo intransitivo

1 (sobresalir) to project, jut out

■ dos balcones resaltan de la fachada principal two balconies jut out from the main façade

2 figurado (distinguirse) to stand out (de, from)

► verbo transitivo

1 to highlight, stress, emphasize

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

hacer resaltar to emphasize, stress, highlight

* * *

verb

1) to stand out

2) stress

* * *

1. VI

1) (=destacarse) to stand out

lo escribí en mayúsculas para que resaltara — I wrote it in capitals to make it stand out

entre sus cualidades resalta su elegancia — her most striking quality is her elegance

hacer resaltar algo — to set sth off; (fig) to highlight sth

este maquillaje hace resaltar sus delicadas facciones — this makeup sets off her delicate features

la encuesta hace resaltar el descontento con el sistema educativo — the survey highlights the dissatisfaction with the education system

2) (=sobresalir) to jut out, project

2.

VT (=destacar) to highlight

el conferenciante resaltó el problema del paro — the speaker highlighted the problem of unemployment

quiero resaltar la dedicación de nuestros empleados — I would like to draw particular attention to the dedication of our staff

* * *
1.
verbo intransitivo

1) (sobresalir, destacarse) to stand out

resaltaban sus grandes ojos negros — her big dark eyes were her most striking feature

2)

hacer resaltar — < color> to bring out; <importancia/necesidad> to highlight, stress
2.
resaltar vt <cualidad/rasgo> to highlight; <importancia/necesidad> to highlight, stress

* * *

= bring into + focus, bring out, conspicuousness, emphasise [emphasize, -USA], enhance, highlight, stress, underscore, illuminate, accentuate, heighten, play up, attract + attention, stand out, foreground, be to the fore, bring to + the fore, come to + the fore, give + highlights, spotlight, bring to + the forefront, point up, create + a high profile for, give + a high profile, have + high profile, bring + attention to, make + a point of + Gerundio, point to, make + Reflexivo + conspicuous, flag + Nombre + up, celebrate, stand + proud.

Ex. The current technological scene is reviewed to bring fee-related issues into sharper focus.

Ex. These should be used to speed up our processing, but the important thing is that we bring out the essential parts of a work and give all the possible entries to identify the work.

Ex. One of the most cited shortcomings of mobile advice centres, that their conspicuousness deters people from using them, does not seem to have been a problem.

Ex. Analytical cataloguing aims to emphasise the content of documents, rather than relying entirely upon cataloguing whole works.

Ex. An introduction explaining the nature and scope of the indexing language will enhance its value.

Ex. In each case the object of the discussion will be to highlight what appear to be the significant aspects, particularly those concerning the background which affect the nature of the scheme.

Ex. However, it must be stressed that these problems are still in the future.

Ex. All I wanted to underscore with these four horror stories is that the judicious, discretionary assignment of added entries can either powerfully inhibit or promote access to the documents.

Ex. This appraisal attempts to illuminate aspects of Irish library history omitted from international reference works.

Ex. However, future trends may tend to accentuate this division.

Ex. Automated support services have heightened the sense of interdependency between libraries and vendors.

Ex. A long-standing but unfortunate tradition plays up antagonism between those librarians who become catalogers and those who opt for reference or public service.

Ex. A few minutes spent with teacher and pupils talking about books conversationally in a by-the-way fashion serves the double purpose of preparing the right set of mind for reading while at the same time attracting attention to books that might be enjoyed.

Ex. Three national library catalogues stand out as highly important sources of general bibliography.

Ex. His survey of how such poetry has been edited in recent years, however, shows that a single edition is still foregrounded while other editions are only obliquely indicated via footnotes.

Ex. Those countries which were already to the fore in science and technology certainly faced problems in the handling of information.

Ex. Installation of new computer terminals may bring the problem to the fore.

Ex. As this table shows, the age profile for all borrowers is very close to that of all adults in the country but when one looks at the more frequent users, the regular borrowers, the older people come more to the fore.

Ex. This article gives highlights of a trade show on the applications of optical information systems in publishing organised by Learned Information and held in New York City, 15-17 Oct 86.

Ex. This article spotlights the role that authority files play in promoting uniformity of cataloguing practice.

Ex. This theft of valuable letters and documents brings to the forefront, once again, the question of collection security in the nation's archives.

Ex. The obvious first line of defence is for librarians, agents and journal publishers to join forces to point up the decline in library provision.

Ex. This article pesents an interview with George Cunningham who sees his role as creating a high profile for the library profession and fostering a love of books.

Ex. The course gives information technology a very high profile.

Ex. Before the launch of Penguin Books India in 1987, trade publishing in English in India did not have the high profile in bookstores it has today..

Ex. In crisp, economical prose, the journal calmly brought attention to the nooks and crannies, and absurdities of university life, concerning itself with both the idiosyncratic and the profound.

Ex. Reference librarians shouldy make a point of constantly reminding themselves that serving these needs is what they are doing.

Ex. This article points to economically feasible and communication-based indexing methods which fit the potentials of current information technology.

Ex. Even so, birds must balance the benefits of flashy feathers with the risks of making themselves conspicuous to sharp-eyed predators.

Ex. If you spot an error then flag it up to your bank promptly and insist they take action to rectify it.

Ex. Were we to allow ourselves to be enticed by it, we should be celebrating our Bicentennial by a return to the pre-Panizzi days in cataloging.

Ex. Even now, hundreds of years after his death, his timepieces stand proud in historic buildings around the world.

----

* es de resaltar que = significantly.

* hacer resaltar = set off.

* hacer resaltar las mejores cualidades de = bring out + the best in.

* instrumento para resaltar = spotlight.

* modo de resaltar = spotlight.

* resaltar con mucho sobre = stand out + head and shoulders (above/over), be head and shoulder (above/over).

* resaltar la importancia = underscore + importance.

* resaltar la importancia de = stress + the importance of, emphasise + the importance of, highlight + the importance of.

* resaltar la necesidad = stress + the need.

* resaltar la necesidad de = imprint + the need for.

* resaltar lo que Uno quiere decir = drive + home + Posesivo + point.

* * *
1.
verbo intransitivo

1) (sobresalir, destacarse) to stand out

resaltaban sus grandes ojos negros — her big dark eyes were her most striking feature

2)

hacer resaltar — < color> to bring out; <importancia/necesidad> to highlight, stress
2.
resaltar vt <cualidad/rasgo> to highlight; <importancia/necesidad> to highlight, stress

* * *

= bring into + focus, bring out, conspicuousness, emphasise [emphasize, -USA], enhance, highlight, stress, underscore, illuminate, accentuate, heighten, play up, attract + attention, stand out, foreground, be to the fore, bring to + the fore, come to + the fore, give + highlights, spotlight, bring to + the forefront, point up, create + a high profile for, give + a high profile, have + high profile, bring + attention to, make + a point of + Gerundio, point to, make + Reflexivo + conspicuous, flag + Nombre + up, celebrate, stand + proud.

Ex: The current technological scene is reviewed to bring fee-related issues into sharper focus.

Ex: These should be used to speed up our processing, but the important thing is that we bring out the essential parts of a work and give all the possible entries to identify the work.

Ex: One of the most cited shortcomings of mobile advice centres, that their conspicuousness deters people from using them, does not seem to have been a problem.

Ex: Analytical cataloguing aims to emphasise the content of documents, rather than relying entirely upon cataloguing whole works.

Ex: An introduction explaining the nature and scope of the indexing language will enhance its value.

Ex: In each case the object of the discussion will be to highlight what appear to be the significant aspects, particularly those concerning the background which affect the nature of the scheme.

Ex: However, it must be stressed that these problems are still in the future.

Ex: All I wanted to underscore with these four horror stories is that the judicious, discretionary assignment of added entries can either powerfully inhibit or promote access to the documents.

Ex: This appraisal attempts to illuminate aspects of Irish library history omitted from international reference works.

Ex: However, future trends may tend to accentuate this division.

Ex: Automated support services have heightened the sense of interdependency between libraries and vendors.

Ex: A long-standing but unfortunate tradition plays up antagonism between those librarians who become catalogers and those who opt for reference or public service.

Ex: A few minutes spent with teacher and pupils talking about books conversationally in a by-the-way fashion serves the double purpose of preparing the right set of mind for reading while at the same time attracting attention to books that might be enjoyed.

Ex: Three national library catalogues stand out as highly important sources of general bibliography.

Ex: His survey of how such poetry has been edited in recent years, however, shows that a single edition is still foregrounded while other editions are only obliquely indicated via footnotes.

Ex: Those countries which were already to the fore in science and technology certainly faced problems in the handling of information.

Ex: Installation of new computer terminals may bring the problem to the fore.

Ex: As this table shows, the age profile for all borrowers is very close to that of all adults in the country but when one looks at the more frequent users, the regular borrowers, the older people come more to the fore.

Ex: This article gives highlights of a trade show on the applications of optical information systems in publishing organised by Learned Information and held in New York City, 15-17 Oct 86.

Ex: This article spotlights the role that authority files play in promoting uniformity of cataloguing practice.

Ex: This theft of valuable letters and documents brings to the forefront, once again, the question of collection security in the nation's archives.

Ex: The obvious first line of defence is for librarians, agents and journal publishers to join forces to point up the decline in library provision.

Ex: This article pesents an interview with George Cunningham who sees his role as creating a high profile for the library profession and fostering a love of books.

Ex: The course gives information technology a very high profile.

Ex: Before the launch of Penguin Books India in 1987, trade publishing in English in India did not have the high profile in bookstores it has today..

Ex: In crisp, economical prose, the journal calmly brought attention to the nooks and crannies, and absurdities of university life, concerning itself with both the idiosyncratic and the profound.

Ex: Reference librarians shouldy make a point of constantly reminding themselves that serving these needs is what they are doing.

Ex: This article points to economically feasible and communication-based indexing methods which fit the potentials of current information technology.

Ex: Even so, birds must balance the benefits of flashy feathers with the risks of making themselves conspicuous to sharp-eyed predators.

Ex: If you spot an error then flag it up to your bank promptly and insist they take action to rectify it.

Ex: Were we to allow ourselves to be enticed by it, we should be celebrating our Bicentennial by a return to the pre-Panizzi days in cataloging.

Ex: Even now, hundreds of years after his death, his timepieces stand proud in historic buildings around the world.

* es de resaltar que = significantly.

* hacer resaltar = set off.

* hacer resaltar las mejores cualidades de = bring out + the best in.

* instrumento para resaltar = spotlight.

* modo de resaltar = spotlight.

* resaltar con mucho sobre = stand out + head and shoulders (above/over), be head and shoulder (above/over).

* resaltar la importancia = underscore + importance.

* resaltar la importancia de = stress + the importance of, emphasise + the importance of, highlight + the importance of.

* resaltar la necesidad = stress + the need.

* resaltar la necesidad de = imprint + the need for.

* resaltar lo que Uno quiere decir = drive + home + Posesivo + point.

* * *

resaltar [A1 ]

vi

A (sobresalir, destacarse) to stand out

resaltaban sus grandes ojos negros the most striking thing about her was her big dark eyes

B

hacer resaltar ‹color› to bring out;

‹importancia/necesidad› to highlight, stress, emphasize

■ resaltar

vt

‹cualidad/rasgo› to highlight; ‹importancia/necesidad› to highlight, stress, emphasize

quiso resaltar que … he wanted to stress o emphasize (the fact) that …

* * *

resaltar ( conjugate resaltar) verbo intransitivo (sobresalir, destacarse) to stand out;
◊ hacer resaltar ‹ color› to bring out;

‹importancia/necesidad› to highlight, stress
verbo transitivo ‹cualidad/importancia/necesidad› to highlight
resaltar
I verbo intransitivo
1 (destacar) to stand out: resalta entre sus amigos por su sensatez, he stands out from his friends because of his good sense
2 (en una construcción) to project, jut out: la nueva torre resalta entre las casas bajas, the new building stands out above the houses
II verbo transitivo
1 (realzar) to enhance, bring out: este vestido resalta tu figura, this dress shows off your figure
2 (acentuar, hacer más visible) to emphasize: su inmadurez resalta la diferencia de edad, his immaturity accentuates the difference in age
es preciso resaltar sus rasgos originales, we should stress her unusual features
' resaltar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
marcar
- acentuar
- pronunciar
- sobresalir
English:
emphasize
- set off
- show off
- show up
- stick out
- accentuate
- bring
- set
- show
- stand
- stick

* * *

resaltar

♦ vi

1. [destacar] to stand out;

resalta en el equipo por su velocidad he stands out as one of the fastest players in the team

2. [en edificios] [cornisa, ventana] to stick out

♦ vt
[destacar] to highlight;
hacer resaltar algo to emphasize sth, to stress sth;

el orador resaltó la contribución del difunto a la ciencia the speaker highlighted the contribution to science made by the deceased

* * *

resaltar

I v/t highlight, stress

II v/i ARQUI jut out; fig

stand out

* * *

resaltar vi

1) sobresalir: to stand out

2)

hacer resaltar : to bring out, to highlight

resaltar vt

: to stress, to emphasize

* * *

resaltar vb

1. (sobresalir) to stand out [pt. & pp. stood]

el rojo resalta entre los colores claros red stands out among light colours

2. (hacer destacar) to bring out [pt. & pp. brought]

esa camisa resalta tus ojos azules that shirt brings out your blue eyes

3. (subrayar) to stress

resaltó los puntos más importantes he stressed the most important points

Spanish-English dictionary > resaltar
17 Pasteur, Louis

SUBJECT AREA: Agricultural and food technology, Chemical technology

[br]

b. 27 December 1822 Dole, France

d. 28 September 1895 Paris, France

[br]

French chemist, founder of stereochemistry, developer of microbiology and immunology, and exponent of the germ theory of disease.

[br]

Sustained by the family tanning business in Dole, near the Swiss border, Pasteur's school career was undistinguished, sufficing to gain him entry into the teacher-training college in Paris, the Ecole Normale, There the chemical lectures by the great organic chemist J.B.A.Dumas (1800–84) fired Pasteur's enthusiasm for chemistry which never left him. Pasteur's first research, carried out at the Ecole, was into tartaric acid and resulted in the discovery of its two optically active forms resulting from dissymmetrical forms of their molecules. This led to the development of stereochemistry. Next, an interest in alcoholic fermentation, first as Professor of Chemistry at Lille University in 1854 and then back at the Ecole from 1857, led him to deny the possibility of spontaneous generation of animal life. Doubt had previously been cast on this, but it was Pasteur's classic research that finally established that the putrefaction of broth or the fermentation of sugar could not occur spontaneously in sterile conditions, and could only be caused by airborne micro-organisms. As a result, he introduced pasteurization or brief, moderate heating to kill pathogens in milk, wine and other foods. The suppuration of wounds was regarded as a similar process, leading Lister to apply Pasteur's principles to revolutionize surgery. In 1860, Pasteur himself decided to turn to medical research. His first study again had important industrial implications, for the silk industry was badly affected by diseases of the silkworm. After prolonged and careful investigation, Pasteur found ways of dealing with the two main infections. In 1868, however, he had a stroke, which prevented him from active carrying out experimentation and restricted him to directing research, which actually was more congenial to him. Success with disease in larger animals came slowly. In 1879 he observed that a chicken treated with a weakened culture of chicken-cholera bacillus would not develop symptoms of the disease when treated with an active culture. He compared this result with Jenner's vaccination against smallpox and decided to search for a vaccine against the cattle disease anthrax. In May 1881 he staged a demonstration which clearly showed the success of his new vaccine. Pasteur's next success, finding a vaccine which could protect against and treat rabies, made him world famous, especially after a person was cured in 1885. In recognition of his work, the Pasteur Institute was set up in Paris by public subscription and opened in 1888. Pasteur's genius transcended the boundaries between science, medicine and technology, and his achievements have had significant consequences for all three fields.

[br]

Bibliography

Pasteur published over 500 books, monographs and scientific papers, reproduced in the magnificent Oeuvres de Pasteur, 1922–39, ed. Pasteur Vallery-Radot, 7 vols, Paris.

Further Reading

P.Vallery-Radot, 1900, La vie de Louis Pasteur, Paris: Hachette; 1958, Louis Pasteur. A Great Life in Brief, English trans., New York (the standard biography).

E.Duclaux, 1896, Pasteur: Histoire d ' un esprit, Paris; 1920, English trans., Philadelphia (perceptive on the development of Pasteur's thought in relation to contemporary science).

R.Dobos, 1950, Louis Pasteur, Free Lance of Science, Boston, Mass.; 1955, French trans.

LRD

Biographical history of technology > Pasteur, Louis
18 achievement

əˈtʃi:vmənt сущ.
1) достижение, успех( в чем-л. - in) crowning achievement ≈ главное достижение epic achievement ≈ достижения исторической важности great, major achievements ≈ великие достижения memorable achievement ≈ памятный успех outstanding, remarkable achievement ≈ выдающиеся достижения, потрясающий успех outstanding achievements in science ≈ выдающиеся научные достижения It was a great achievement that a month later a global agreement was reached. ≈ Подписание общего договора месяц спустя явилось огромным достижением.
2) выполнение, исполнение, совершение Syn: fulfilment, execution
3) подвиг Syn: feat, exploit
достижение, успех, победа;
- considerable *s значительные успехи;
- * sheet ведомость оценок;
сведения об успеваемости;
- * test тест, определяющий качество работы учащегося и преподавателя;
- the *s of science достижения науки;
- to be proud of one's *s гордиться достигнутым;
- sense of * удовлетворение сделанным, сознание своего успеха подвиг;
- heroic *s героические дела выполнение;
- impossible of * невыполнимый

achievement выполнение ~ достижение ~ подвиг ~ успех

top ~ наивысшее достижение

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > achievement
19 achievement

noun

1) no pl. see academic.ru/459/achieve">achieve: Zustandebringen, das; Ausführung, die; Erreichen, das; Herstellung, die; Herbeiführung, die; Erzielen, das; Erfüllung, die

2) (thing accomplished) Leistung, die; Errungenschaft, die

* * *

noun his academic achievements; the achievement of his ambition.) die Leistung

* * *

achieve·ment

[əˈtʃi:vmənt]

n

1. (feat) Leistung f (in in + dat)

intellectual \achievement geistige Errungenschaft

\achievements in science Leistungen pl [in] der Wissenschaft

a great/remarkable \achievement eine große/bemerkenswerte Leistung

scientific \achievement wissenschaftliche Errungenschaft

2. no pl (achieving) Erreichen nt, Erlangen nt

\achievement of an aim Erreichen nt eines Ziels

\achievement of a victory Erringen nt eines Sieges

3. SCH (progress) Leistung f

\achievement quotient Leistungsquotient m

\achievement test Leistungstest m

* * *
[ə'tʃiːvmənt]
n

1) (act) Erreichen nt; (of success) Erzielen nt; (of victory) Erringen nt; (of rank also, title) Erlangen nt

achievement-oriented —

achievement-oriented society — Leistungsgesellschaft f

2) (= thing achieved) (of individual) Leistung f; (of society, civilization, technology) Errungenschaft f

that's quite an achievement! — das ist schon eine Leistung! (also iro)

for his many achievements — für seine zahlreichen Verdienste

achievement quotient/test — Leistungsquotient m/-test m

* * *

achievement [əˈtʃiːvmənt] s

1. Vollbringung f, Zustandebringen n, Ausführung f, Schaffung f

2. (mühsame) Erlangung, Erringung f

3. Erreichung f, Erzielung f, Erfüllung f

4. (große) Tat, (große) Leistung, Werk n, Errungenschaft f: → sense A 5

5. Heraldik: Totenschild m

* * *

noun

1) no pl. see achieve: Zustandebringen, das; Ausführung, die; Erreichen, das; Herstellung, die; Herbeiführung, die; Erzielen, das; Erfüllung, die

2) (thing accomplished) Leistung, die; Errungenschaft, die

* * *

n.

Ausführung f.

Errungenschaft f.

Leistung -en f.

Vollendung f.

bedeutende Leistung f.

English-german dictionary > achievement
20 Cayley, Sir George

SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace

[br]

b. 27 December 1773 Scarborough, England

d. 15 December 1857 Brompton Hall, Yorkshire, England

[br]

English pioneer who laid down the basic principles of the aeroplane in 1799 and built a manned glider in 1853.

[br]

Cayley was born into a well-to-do Yorkshire family living at Brompton Hall. He was encouraged to study mathematics, navigation and mechanics, particularly by his mother. In 1792 he succeeded to the baronetcy and took over the daunting task of revitalizing the run-down family estate.

The first aeronautical device made by Cayley was a copy of the toy helicopter invented by the Frenchmen Launoy and Bienvenu in 1784. Cayley's version, made in 1796, convinced him that a machine could "rise in the air by mechanical means", as he later wrote. He studied the aerodynamics of flight and broke away from the unsuccessful ornithopters of his predecessors. In 1799 he scratched two sketches on a silver disc: one side of the disc showed the aerodynamic force on a wing resolved into lift and drag, and on the other side he illustrated his idea for a fixed-wing aeroplane; this disc is preserved in the Science Museum in London. In 1804 he tested a small wing on the end of a whirling arm to measure its lifting power. This led to the world's first model glider, which consisted of a simple kite (the wing) mounted on a pole with an adjustable cruciform tail. A full-size glider followed in 1809 and this flew successfully unmanned. By 1809 Cayley had also investigated the lifting properties of cambered wings and produced a low-drag aerofoil section. His aim was to produce a powered aeroplane, but no suitable engines were available. Steam-engines were too heavy, but he experimented with a gunpowder motor and invented the hot-air engine in 1807. He published details of some of his aeronautical researches in 1809–10 and in 1816 he wrote a paper on airships. Then for a period of some twenty-five years he was so busy with other activities that he largely neglected his aeronautical researches. It was not until 1843, at the age of 70, that he really had time to pursue his quest for flight. The Mechanics' Magazine of 8 April 1843 published drawings of "Sir George Cayley's Aerial Carriage", which consisted of a helicopter design with four circular lifting rotors—which could be adjusted to become wings—and two pusher propellers. In 1849 he built a full-size triplane glider which lifted a boy off the ground for a brief hop. Then in 1852 he proposed a monoplane glider which could be launched from a balloon. Late in 1853 Cayley built his "new flyer", another monoplane glider, which carried his coachman as a reluctant passenger across a dale at Brompton, Cayley became involved in public affairs and was MP for Scarborough in 1832. He also took a leading part in local scientific activities and was co-founder of the British Association for the Advancement of Science in 1831 and of the Regent Street Polytechnic Institution in 1838.

[br]

Bibliography

Cayley wrote a number of articles and papers, the most significant being "On aerial navigation", Nicholson's Journal of Natural Philosophy (November 1809—March 1810) (published in three numbers); and two further papers with the same title in Philosophical Magazine (1816 and 1817) (both describe semi-rigid airships).

Further Reading

L.Pritchard, 1961, Sir George Cayley, London (the standard work on the life of Cayley).

C.H.Gibbs-Smith, 1962, Sir George Cayley's Aeronautics 1796–1855, London (covers his aeronautical achievements in more detail).

—1974, "Sir George Cayley, father of aerial navigation (1773–1857)", Aeronautical Journal (Royal Aeronautical Society) (April) (an updating paper).

JDS

Biographical history of technology > Cayley, Sir George

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